四合院是北京地区典型的民居形式。中国各地的民居形式各不同如晋中民居、皖南民居、四川民居等。北京的四合院, 始于十二世纪, 是北京城百年来的传统住宅形式。
Because the courtyard house is a kind of typical civil housing in Beijing. The housing in different region of China is different, such as Jinzhong Civil Housing, South Anhui Civil Housing and Sichuan Civil Housing, etc.. Begin from the 12th century, the courtyard house is the traditional residence with several hundreds years’ history in Beijing.
北京合院设计与施工比较容易, 所用材料十分简单。整体建筑色调灰青, 给人印象十分朴素, 生活非常舒适。大四合院从外边用墙包围, 都做高大的墙壁, 不开窗子, 表现出一种防御性。全家人在合院里, 院中住的人十分安适, 晚上关闭大门, 非常安静, 适合于以家族为中心的团聚生活。 在皇权时代的京城,能够住在四合院的大多是皇宫贵族或者是有钱人广州翻译公司。
The courtyard house is easy both in design and construction, and the constructed material is also simple. The grey black hue represents simple and cozy to live. Moreover, it is encircled by the high and solid wall, but without any window. The whole family lives in the courtyard house for a leisure and happy life. It is fairly quite and peaceful when close the gate in the night, it is suitable for the together life. In the ancient dynasty, most owners of the courtyard house are the royal noble or the rich.
大型四合院: 正房是前廊后厦, 后边有罩房。东西厢房南边的花墙子中间有一座垂花门, 门内是四扇木屏风, 东西厢房都有抄手游廊, 与垂花门相通。有的花墙子在垂花门两旁, 镶上两三个漏窗。
Large courtyard house: Main house is encircled with the corridors and with the boudoir house in back of the main house. There is a second gate (Chuihua Gate) in the middle of flower wall along the south of wing houses, and four wooden screen walls inside the gate, besides, verandahs circles the west and east wing house and connects with the second gate. Some flower wall is on the two side of the second fate with two or three lattice windows.
中型四合院一般是正房五间或七间, 屋里有木隔断或落地罩, 有的正房和厢房带廊子。五间的是三间正房两间耳房, 耳房是单开门, 所谓“三正两耳广州翻译公司”。
Middle-type courtyard house: It generally has five or seven main houses, both with wooden screen or ground screen inside the house, some main house and wing house are also encircled with the corridors. The five-house contains three main houses and two side houses, the side room is always single open-door, what is called “three main houses and two side houses”.
